Fascists Fascists presents a theory of fascism based on intensive analysis of the men and women who became fascists. It covers the six European countries in which fascism became most dominant - Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania and Spain. It is a comprehensive analysis of who fascists actually were, what beliefs they held and what actions they committed. The book suggests that fascism was essentially a product of post World War I conditions in Europe and is unlikely to re-appear in its classic garb in the future. Nonetheless, elements of its ideology remain relevant to modern conditions and are now re-appearing, though mainly in different parts of the world. |
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Contents
| 1 | |
| 31 | |
| 93 | |
Nazis | 139 |
German Sympathizers | 177 |
AustroFascists Austrian Nazis | 207 |
The Hungarian Family of Authoritarians | 237 |
The Romanian Family of Authoritarians | 261 |
The Spanish Family of Authoritarians | 297 |
Conclusion Fascists Dead and Alive | 353 |
Appendix | 377 |
Notes | 389 |
Bibliography | 395 |
Index | 417 |
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Common terms and phrases
agrarian agricultural anarcho-syndicalists Anschluss anti-Semitism Appendix Table areas army Austrian Austro-fascism Austro-fascists authoritarian became bourgeoisie capitalism capitalist Catholic CEDA chapter Christian church civil servants class conflict cleansing communist conservative constitutional core corporatism corporatist countries coup crises crisis democratic DNVP dominated economic elections electoral elites enemies especially ethnic Europe Falange fascist fascist movements force foreign Franco German groups Heimwehr Hitler Hungarian Hungary ideology industrial Italian fascism Italy Jewish Jews labor leaders leftist legionary liberal democracy Linz Magyar major mass middle class militants mobilize modern moral Mussolini nation-state nation-statism nation-statist nationalism nationalist Nazis Nazism numbers old regime organic overrepresented paramilitary parties peasants percent petty bourgeois political popular populist postwar professionals proletarian Protestant radical reform regional repression republic Republican revolution rightist Romanian rural sector semi-authoritarian social socialist Spain Spanish squadristi statism theory transcend unions violence vote Weimar white-collar women workers young
Popular passages
Page 99 - The foundation of Fascism is the conception of the State,* ;its character, its duty, and its aim. Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State.
Page 141 - None but members of the nation may be citizens of the State. None but those of German blood, whatever their creed, may be members of the nation. No Jew. therefore, may be a member of the nation.
Page 242 - I believe in one God, I believe in one Fatherland; I believe in one divine hour coming. I believe in the resurrection of Hungary. Amen.
Page 11 - ... anti-parliamentary, anti-liberal, anti-communist, populist and therefore anti-proletarian, partly anti-capitalist and anti-bourgeois, anti-clerical, or at least, non-clerical movement, with the aim of national social integration through a single party and corporative representation not always equally emphasised; with a distinctive style and rhetoric, it relied on activist cadres ready for violent action combined with electoral participation to gain power with totalitarian goals by a combination...
Page 98 - War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy, and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it.
Page 278 - Rumanian nation with God, as the Captain said. That is why the legionary movement has a different meaning with regard to everything that has been done up till now in history; and the victory of the Legion will lead not only to the restoration of the virtues of our nation, of a hardworking Rumania, worthy and powerful, but also to the birth of a man who is in harmony with the new kind of European life."51 While emphasizing the "spiritual force...
Page 97 - Democracy has deprived the life of the people of 'style' : that is, a line of conduct, the color, the strength, the picturesque, the unexpected, the mystical; in sum, all that counts in the soul of the masses. We play the lyre on all its strings : from violence to religion, from art to politics."21 Of course, Mussolini was by no means the inventor of this side of the picture.
Page 11 - Juan Linz defines fascism as: A hypernationalist, often pan-nationalist, anti-parliamentary, anti-liberal, anti-communist, populist and therefore antiproletarian, partly anti-capitalist and anti- bourgeois, anti-clerical, or at least, non-clerical movement, with the aim of national social integration through a single party and corporative representation not always equally emphasised; with a distinctive style and rhetoric, it relied on activist cadres ready for violent action combined...
Page 183 - But that,' Hitler replied, looking at his watch and showing signs of acute impatience, 'that is no reason for granting the workers a share in the profits of the enterprises that employ them, and more particularly for giving them the right to be consulted. A strong State will see that production is carried on in the national interests, and, if these interests are contravened, can proceed to expropriate the enterprise concerned and take over its administration.
Page 179 - His voice was hoarse after all his speaking during the previous days. When the speech was over, there was roaring enthusiasm and applause. Hitler saluted, gave his thanks, the Horst Wessel song sounded out across the course. Hitler was helped into his coat. Then he went.— How many look up to him with touching faith! as their helper, their saviour, their deliverer from unbearable distress— to him who rescues the Prussian prince, the scholar, the clergyman, the farmer, the worker, the unemployed,...
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | Fascists Fascists, Michael Mann |
| Author | Michael Mann |
| Edition | illustrated, reprint |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press, 2004 |
| ISBN | 0521538556, 9780521538558 |
| Length | 429 pages |
| Subjects | › › History / Modern / 20th Century History / World Political Science / General Social Science / Sociology / General |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |