How to install, inspect, & troubleshoot building electrical systems, appliances, components. How to detect & report electrical hazards, defects in residential and commercial electrical panels, switches, fixtures, electrical wiring & grounding systems. Proper electrical repair methods for unsafe electrical conditions.
Safety for the electrical inspector, aluminum electrical wiring hazards, how to determine service voltage and ampacity, how to inspect electrical panels, and significant electrical hazards of Federal Pacific Electric Stab-Lok breakers and panels, Federal Pioneer product warnings, certain Square-D product concerns, Zinsco and Sylvania circuit breakers and panels, multi-wire branch circuit protection, inspection and repair of low voltage wiring systems, and proper installation of lightning protection systems on buildings are addressed.
Also try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.
We also provide a MASTER INDEX to this topic, or you can try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.
Electrical Hazards in Buildings, Electrical Inspection Procedures, Electrical Repair Procedures
This topic home page provides an index to key building electrical system topics addressing electrial system or component installation, inspection, troubleshooting & repair.
We also disuss electrical and electrical inspector safety, testing, standards, and controls.
To find what you need quickly, if you don't want to scroll through this index you are welcome to use the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX to search InspectApedia for specific articles and information.
ALUMINUM WIRING Information Website Aluminum Electrical Wiring Hazards and Repairs: in-depth authoritative info, photos, documents including selection of proper vs. ineffective repair methods. E.g.: Ideal 65 "Twister" purple connector fails in field and lab testing with aluminum wire.
AMPACITY & VOLTAGE of an Electrical Service: How to determine the electrical service size or ampacity and service voltage (120/240) entering a Building
ARC FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS: what are they, how do AFCI's work, where are they required to be installed? Also includes notes on GFCI's and the 2008 NEC electrical code.
"Inspecting Residential Electrical Panels," Daniel Friedman, HVASHI, September 12, 2002 Annual Seminar.
"Inspection of Electrical Systems & Special Concerns," Daniel Friedman,
ASHI/CAHI/OAHI/IAEI Conference, Toronto, Ontario, 10/19-21/1995
DEFINITIONS of ELECTRICAL TERMS: Amps, Volts, Watts, Resistance and other electrical terms are defined and illustrated with sketches
"Determining Service Ampacity," Daniel Friedman, Alan Carson, The ASHI Technical Journal,
Vol. 2 No. 1, Winter 1992
DIRECTORY OF ELECTRICIANS: if you need to hire an electrician with special skills or familiarity with aluminum electrical wiring, FPE Stab-Lok replacement panels, Zinsco replacement panels, etc. here is a directory of professionals.
DMM DIGITAL MULTIMETER USE - how to use test instruments to perform basic electrical wiring or equipment diagnostic tests
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE describes steps & tests for both offline and online electric motor circuit analysis (MCA) test procedures for hard starting or non-starting A/C electric motors
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION PANELS in buildings, safety for electrical inspectors, electrical panel, fusing, wiring defects, defective products. Inspection Class Presentation
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM REPAIR FAQs - diagnostic questions & answers about inspecting or repairing electrical systems in building: wiring, fixtures, receptacles, electrical panels, lights, light fixtures, GFCIs, AFCIs, etc.
ELECTRICIANS DIRECTORY - how to find an electrician who knows proper repairs for aluminum wiring, FPE panels, Zinsco panels etc.
EMF RF FIELD & FREQUENCY DEFINITIONS - defines and explains electromagnetic field (EMF) or
electro-magnetic radiation EMR and related terms such as EMF, radio frequency - RF, hertz or cycles, megahertz, medium frequency MF, very high frequency VHF, ultra high frequency UHF, megahertz MHz, gigahertz GHz, terahertz THz .
FEDERAL PACIFIC ELECTRIC (FPE) PANEL Stab-Lok Circuit Breaker Panel Hazards Latent fire hazards, in-depth authoritative research, documents, advice on Stab-Lok electric panel and circuit breaker failures and what to do when this equipment is found in buildings.
FLICKERING LIGHT DIAGNOSIS - what causes flickering lights, voltage fluctuations, and similar electrical problems & how do we find and fix the trouble?
"Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters, How Do They Work?" Daniel Friedman [as Journal Staff], The
ASHI Technical Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, Winter 1992
OLD HOUSE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS - special hazards associated with old electrical wiring & old electrical systems in buildings
OUTLET, HOW TO INSTALLl: guide for home owners & home inspectors - it's easy but important details make the difference between a safe installation of an electrical receptacle and one that is both dangerous and illegal.
SAFETY for ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS Safety Considerations for the Electrical Inspector," Daniel Friedman, The ASHI Technical
Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, Winter 1992
SQUARE D CIRCUIT BREAKER RECALLS, CPSC include a Square D GFCI circuit breaker distributed by Square D, and a Counterfeit Square-D circuit breaker sold through Scott Electric
VOLTS MEASUREMENT METHODS - how to actually measure electrical voltage in a building or at electrical equipment or devices
WIND TURBINES & LIGHTNING - lightning protection and extra protection from lightning damage for wind turbine electrical generator systems and their controls and batteries
ZINSCO PANEL REPLACEMENTS of repair (replacement) options for Zinsco Electrical Panels and Zinsco-type Sylvania Electric Panels
Reader Q&A - also see the FAQs series linked-to below
Reader Question: Can I Hook Up Two Power Sources to One Electrical Panel?
Is it possible to connect two sources of Electricity to one Sub-Panel? - Muhammad K., Jordan
Reply: Use an isolation switch to avoid simultaneous (and unsafe) electrical power feeds to an electrical panel or sub panel - use backup electrical generator hookups as an example
By "possible to connect two sources of Electricity to one Sub-Panel" I presume you don't mean is it physically possible to connect two power sources to a single electrical panel since that would be trivial to accomplish; Rather I presume you mean is it acceptable practice or is it "safe" to connect multiple power sources into a single electrical panel or sub-panel.
The basic answer is no. In general it is very dangerous to have multiple sources of power into a single panel or subpanel because of the possibility of backfeeding and shocking someone who thinks power is off from a given source. So we don't hookup simultaneous live electrical power sources to a single electrical sub panel or main panel.
We do not hook up multiple electrical power sources to a single electrical sub panel without using an isolation switch.
In our photograph of an isolation switch hook-up (above left), the main electrical panel
(1) is at left. In the photo center is an isolation switch
(2) that allows the homeowner to switch individual circuits from being powered either by the main electrical panel's service entry mains or by an electrical generator (located outdoors) that is connected to
the isolation switch by a removable plug shown hanging on the wall (3).
You can see the receiving plug receptacle at the bottom center of the isolation switch (2).
The sub panel shown at right (next to our client) was an addition to the original electrical system to support central air conditioning and is not part of this discussion.
Watch out: Emergency backup electrical generators produce 120V and 240V which may cause fatal electrical shock if precautions are not followed. DO NOT under any circumstances connect your electrical generator to any circuit or receptacle that is receiving electrical power (home, office, etc) from any other sources as this is likely to result in a fire and damage all electrical systems and could also shock someone working on the system.
Our auxiliary electric generator photo at left shows a backup "home" generator that the owner had set up to keep a basement sump pump working. Some owners connect an extension cord to the generator's electrical supply receptacle and connect the other cord end to a tool or appliance - which may be safe.
But using that same extension cord to "back-feed" a home electrical circuit without an isolation switch is unsafe and should not be done.
Other key safety warnings include the warning that the backup generator should not be operated indoors nor in an enclosed area - there are fire and also potentially fatal carbon monoxide hazard risks. Note that other safety precautions also apply - be sure to see the instructions provided with the generator.
Reader Question: History of Electrical Wiring in the U.S. - Split Receptacles or Electrical Outlets?
When were houses commonly built with split outlets/receptacles? I am doing research to find out how many houses in the US may not have them.
Thanks! - Maria S.
Reply: A Nano-History of Electrical Wiring Devices in North America - Guessing: 1950 - 1965
You are referring to the practice of providing separate power from separate electrical circuits individually to the upper and lower receptacle openings of a duplex electrical receptacle.
That feature has been technically possible and therefore almost surely was done in some homes from around the time that duplex receptacles were first installed.
The two-pin electrical receptacle was invented by Hubbell in 1904 as a device that screwed into light bulb sockets (electrical power for lighting was sold at a lower rate! - Wiki.)
Grounded electrical receptacles date to around 1915, though they were by no means in widespread use until much later.
Because sources (Wikipedia and others) note that the dominant way to plug in electrical appliances was by connecting them (using the screw-in adapter) to light bulb sockets into the 1920's (in North America) it is reasonable to argue that it was not until the mid or later 1920's that duplex electrical receptacles began appearing in homes.
Labre patented the grounded plug in 1928. Ten years later, twist-on locking electrical receptacle connectors date to Harvey Hubbell way back in 1938.
Polarized plugs (one blade wider than the other) were not introduced until 1948 and were not widespread before the 1950's. (The neutral wire is connected to the larger slot on the electrical receptacle)
Ring circuits (adopted only in the U.K.) first saw use in the U.K. around 1947 - provided the functional equivalent of our split wired receptacle approach and suggest the history of origin of the idea.
The sum of this history to date (subject to revision as our research continues) is that I'd place duplex receptacles in widespread use by 1935-1940 and it would be fair to assume (barring a code restriction yet to be found) that split wired receptacles, being physically possible, appeared in some uses as early as 1940.
IN sum it is more likely that split wired electrical receptacles were in use by the late 1940's, expanded during the post-Korean war boom, and began seeing widespread use in North America after 1965-1970.
That last OPINION derives from guessing at the onset of surge in use of multiple electrical appliances at once in home kitchens.
Reader Q&A - also see the FAQs series linked-to below
On 2020-03-19 - by (mod) - how to trace an electrical circuit
Joe
Some help on tracing and identifying electrical circuits and their wiring is at
no power to outlet and do not know where it comes from
On 2020-03-09 - by (mod) - wall-hung clock electrical connection or mounting receptacle
Tony that looks like a power cord connector or power connector for a wall-hung electric clock that was made, depending on country, probably before 1950.
The clock would have been hung on the wall by connecting it to a special wall-clock mounting receptacle that in turn was wired thorugh and fastened to the building wall, perhaps in an office or kitchen.
An example of a flush-mount wall clock electrical receptacle is shown above.
On 2020-03-09 by Tony Jarrett
Hey, does anyone recognize this type of receptacle ?
It is on an old wall clock.
On 2020-01-27 - by (mod) -
Sam I'm not sure what you mean by receptable (receptacle) since we use the word "receptacle" as the technically correct term for what normal people call electrical outlet or wall plug or socket.
Just to review the terms that one would see in an electrical wiring text,
"receptacle" or "wall or floor receptacle" is the device that you plug a line-cord into. (What some people call the names I list above). while
"outlet" in codes often refers to an electrical box or junction box into which wires are routed and from which the electrician may wire and mount a "device" where "device" might be
- a wall switch or light switch
- an electrical receptacle (what you plug stuff into)
Our photo below shows a 20-A 120VAC electric receptacle being connected into a metal electrical box.
On 2020-01-27 by sam
how do you wire a receptabl and a outlet together
On 2020-01-04 - by (mod) -
Electrical receptacles can be fed from below or from above
On 2020-01-04 0 - by (mod) -
Tiffany
It sounds as if you need an electrician to trace the circuit. A very common problem is that an upstream connector at a receptacle or junction box that feeds the downstream parts of the circuit that are dead has come apart
On 2020-01-02 - by (mod) -
I don't think I have a clear understanding of how the wiring is arranged in your home. If 60 amp 220 volts is provided at the location where you want to install electric range than your electrician would simply install the connector there and remove the other unused wiring to the built-in oven or at the very least disconnect it at both ends.
On 2020-01-01 by Sheliah Wall
I have a 1942 home. I want to install a stove. Original layout was a range top on one side and a built in oven on the other. The oven died. I noticed they split up the wiring to do this. It's connected to a 220 60 amp cartridge. I understand installing a cord on the appliance but the outlet I need to make for the wall is daunting. I live on social security disability so an easy cheap way to do this would be great. Any suggestions?
On 2019-12-29 by Tiffany
Hello all. We have a 1982 mobile home, I'm not sure of the make or model. The issue we're currently having is with one bedroom not having power at all. We've checked the breaker, plugs/recepticles, etc and can not find the issue. My husband even went as far as to changing the actual breaker thinking it could've have gone bad, and that didn't help.
The strange thing is that this particular breaker has other recepitals that run off of it that are not in the same room, and these HAVE power!
On 2019-12-28 by Fleone
Is there a code that covers where the romex should be pulled in relationship to the outlets in rough-in? I am getting ready to wire an addition and all the outlets are above the service panel located in the basement of the original house. Can I run the wiring through the studs BELOW the outlets?
I am planning on penetrating the soleplate and up to the first box, then around to the others in the circuit. Do I have to go above the gang box then around to the other boxes?
On 2019-09-14 by (mod) -
Alan
Thanks for commenting.
On 2019-09-14 by (mod) -
Jason
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ID, MAP & LABEL describes methods for tracing electrical circuits. Let's start there, and let me know what further help is needed.
Also see this
NAVEDTRA BLUEPRINT READING GUIDE [PDF]
Original source: https://seabeemagazine.navylive.dodlive.mil/files/2017/11/NAVEDTRA-14040A-Blueprint-Reading-and-Sketching-Part-2.pdf
On 2019-09-14 by Jason
My mother's boyfriend was working on a light switch in the back room he crossed wires somewhere in the box now there's no power to the switch all but one outlet is ok
the bedroom before that meaning closer to the panel it has same issue
my problem locating anything is when he started this he also put in New panel but didn't list what circuits went to what room I think he caused a short how could I find it without ripping out to much of wall or ceiling or both. Thank you
On 2019-09-12 by Alan
@Rhonda,
I wonder of what you mean when you say LV lighting system. All the lamps are less than 50V, possible but doubtful
Not enough information to speculate what is wrong with your light fixture. My WAG guess is the neutral at the new fixture. More common LV switching systems where the LV switches pull in a relay at 120v
On 2019-08-18 by (mod) - New ceiling light is LED. Can a low voltage lighting system handle this kind of light?
Rhonda
In general LEDs use less current (Amps) to produce the same light output as more-conventional older type bulbs, but it's entirely possible that the LED bulb installed in your home isn't properly matched to the low voltage supply and circuit.
If the LED bulb is designed to be connected to 120VAC and it's installed on a 12-14-volt low voltage system, it's the wrong bulb type.
Find the LED bulb brand and model and let's look at its rating vs. your LV system.
On 2019-08-15 by Rhonda
I have a low voltage lighting system in my house. I had my kitchen ceiling light replaced and it wasn't long after that the light started flickering and will sometimes turn itself off. New ceiling light is LED. Can a low voltage lighting system handle this kind of light?
On 2019-08-13 by (mod) - what is covered in an electrical code inspection
Dave
Typically there is a rough-in inspection: showing wires run, locations of electrical boxes, but devices not installed
Then a final inspection: all devices installed
Check with your local inspector first to be sure you've got things in the order she wants to see them. Watch out: if you're not familiar with safe proper electrical wiring you could be shocked or killed.
On 2019-08-12 by Dave
Hi, I'm going to wire an addition to my brick and motor home. My power panel is a 200 Amp, and I have 10 open slots for additional breakers.
Once I have the wires pulled to the panel, do I wait to attach the wires to their breakers, till after the code inspection or will the inspector want to see the wires terminated to the breakers, and to the light fixtures and receptacles,
so I should wire everything up, and have it working when he arrives? I can be reached at: flywelder@live.com
On 2019-07-14 by (mod) - Can you run a 50 by 16 single wide off 240 v
The question isn't normally voltage but amperage. You need a panel and service with enough ampacity for the home. It's common to deliver 240 volts to the panel where it is divided into two separate 120 volt sections feeding individual 120 volt Branch circuits.
On 2019-07-14 by Michae
Can you run a 50 by 16 single wide off 240 v
On 2019-06-21 by (mod) - photo of a fuse panel, some unused circuits, some over-fusing
Nice photo, Elaine. Aside from over-fusing on at least one of the circuits, what's the question here?
On 2019-06-21 by Elaine
On 2019-06-19 by (mod) -
Sorry I don't understand the question.
An electrician would connect hot-to hot (usually black wire) and neutral to neutral (usually white); she'd test the wires as well as trace them from their source to solve any confusion about which wire was used for which purpose.
Watch out: if you're not familiar with proper electrical wiring you could make a mistake that gets you killed or burns down the house.
On 2019-06-17 by James
No the wires are already easily accessible im just not sure how exactly they recconect because of the red wire arent they isnt it white with wh and black with black wherre does the red one go
On 2019-06-17 by James
How would i go about reconnecting a electrical wire in a mobile home if one side of the damaged wire has a red black and white and copper and the other side just has the black and white with the copper
Thanks to home inspector Larry Olson lomo5202@gmail.com for forwarding the 2010 US CPSC circuit breaker recall information concerning Siemens Murray equipment.
[2] N. Srinivasan, MSEE, is a senior member of IEEE with 30 years experience in the electrical industry. Mr. Srinivasan is in Vienna VA.
[3] Louis P. Babin generously contributed technical editing about the effects of doubling ampacity in an electrical circuit (September 2007)
[4] Digisnap DSA-500 snap-around digital multimeter, A.W. Sperry Instruments Inc., 2150 Joshua's Path, Suite 202, Hauppage NY 11788, Tel: 800-645-5398, Email: cat@awsperry.com, Website: www.awsperry.com
[5] Fluke Corporation, 6920 Seaway Blvd, Everett, WA 98203, USA, PO Box 9090 Everett, Washington 98206, Tel: +1(425) 347-6100, Technical support: 1(800) 44-FLUKE (1(800) 443-5853), Website: www.fluke.com, Fluke Europe B.V,
PO Box 1186 Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 (0)40 2 675 200 +31 (0)40 2 675 222, Website: www.fluke.eu
Fluke India: TTL India Pvt. Ltd. (A Fluke Company), Deodhar Center, 424, Marol Maroshi Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai, 400076, Tel: 1 800 209 9110, Email: info.india@fluke.com, Website: http://www.fluke.com/fluke/inen/products/Digital-Multimeters.htm
Digital 287/289 Digital Multimeter, Users Manual, retrieved 9/5/21, original source: http://assets.fluke.com/manuals/287_289_umeng0200.pdf, [copy on file as Fluke_287_289_umeng0200.pdf]
Simpson 260® Series 6XLM Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter Instruction Manual, retrieved 9/5/2012, original source: http://www.simpsonelectric.com/uploads/File/datasheets/260-6xlm.pdf, [copy on file as Simpson_260-6xlm.pdf]
[15] Dr. Jess Aronstein, consulting engineer, Poughkeepsie NY, 1991 protune@aol.com
[16] Rex Cauldwell, master electrician and contributor to the Journal of Light ConstructionOn electrical topics
[17] New York State Central Hudson Gas and Electric Company, G&E/1-2/85 consumer safety pamphlet
[18] Mark Cramer Inspection Services Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, Mr. Cramer is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors and is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator. Contact Mark Cramer at: 727-595-4211 mark@BestTampaInspector.com 11/06
[19] Roger Hankey is principal of Hankey and Brown home inspectors, Eden Prairie, MN. Mr. Hankey is a past chairman of the ASHI Standards Committee. Mr. Hankey has served in other ASHI professional and leadership roles. Contact Roger Hankey at: 952 829-0044 - rhankey@hankeyandbrown.com. Mr. Hankey is a frequent contributor to InspectAPedia.com.
[20] Arlene Puentes [Website: www.octoberhome.com ] , an ASHI member and a licensed home inspector in Kingston, NY, and has served on ASHI national committees as well as HVASHI Chapter President. Ms. Puentes can be contacted at ap@octoberhome.com
[21] ASHI Technical Journal, Vol. 2. No. 1, January 1992, "Determining Service Ampacity," Dan Friedman and Alan Carson,
and the
[22] ASHI Technical Journal, Vol. 3. No. 1, Spring, 1993, "Determining Service Ampacity - Another Consideration," Robert L. Klewitz, P.E.,
with subsequent updates and additions to the original text ongoing to 2/19/2006. Reprints of the originals and reprints of the Journal are available from ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors www.ashi.com.
[24] "Electrical System Inspection Basics," Richard C. Wolcott, ASHI 8th Annual Education Conference, Boston 1985.
[25] "Simplified Electrical Wiring," Sears, Roebuck and Co., 15705 (F5428) Rev. 4-77 1977 [Lots of sketches of older-type service panels.]
[26] "How to plan and install electric wiring for homes, farms, garages, shops," Montgomery Ward Co., 83-850.
[27] "Electrical System Inspection Basics," Richard C. Wolcott, ASHI 8th Annual Education Conference, Boston 1985.
[28] "Home Wiring Inspection," Roswell W. Ard, Rodale's New Shelter, July/August, 1985 p. 35-40.
[29] "Evaluating Wiring in Older Minnesota Homes," Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.
[30] Jim Simmons: Personal communication, J. Simmons to Daniel Friedman, 9/19/2008. Photographs contributed to this website by Jim P. Simmons, Licensed Electrician, 360-705-4225 Mr. Electric, Licensed Master Electrician, Olympia, Washington Contact Jim P. Simmons, Licensed Master Electrician, Mr. Electric, 1320 Dayton Street SE Olympia, WA 98501, Ph 360-705-4225, Fx 360-705-0130 mrelectricwa@gmail.com
[31] Kenneth Kruger: Original author of the sidebar on testing VOM DMM condition: Kenneth Kruger, R.A., P.E. AIA ASCE, is an ASHI
Member and ASHI Director in Cambridge, MA. He provided basis for this article penned by DJ Friedman.
[33] LB Miller, "A simple Do-It-Yourself test fixture that will allow you to measure the DC resistance (Rm) of RC Model Electric Motors", San Marcos C, HobbyKing.com, retrieved 9/12/12, original source: http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=580151 [copy on file as Miller_Test.pdf]
[34] "Electrical Systems," A Training Manual for Home Inspectors, Alfred L. Alk, American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI), 1987, available from ASHI. [DF NOTE: I do NOT recommend this obsolete publication, though it was cited in the original Journal article as it contains unsafe inaccuracies]
[35] "Basic Housing Inspection," US DHEW, S352.75 U48, p.144, out of print, but is available in most state libraries.
[37] Andy Page, "The Basics of Motor Circuit Analysis", Reliable Plant, (Noria Corporation), 1328 E. 43rd Court, Tulsa, OK 74105
Tel: 800-597-5460; Email: pagea@alliedreliability.com, retrieved 9/13/12, original source: http://www.reliableplant.com/Read/10686/motor-circuit-analysis, [copy on file as THE BASICS of MOTOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS [PDF] ] - Quoting: MCA online [tests performed while the motor is operating] can be further split into two categories - current analysis and voltage analysis. Current analysis is primarily focused on the rotating components. Loose or broken rotor bars, cracked end rings, rotor eccentricity, misalignment and coupling/belt problems are some of the "big-hitter" failure modes detected in the current signature. Power quality issues like harmful harmonics, voltage imbalances and under/over-voltages are among the issues identified with voltage analysis. MCA offline is most famous for the resistance-to-ground measurement. But other measurements make motor circuit defects easy to find. Measuring electrical characteristics like impedance, inductance and capacitance tell the analyst plenty about the condition of the windings. Inductance is a great indicator of turn-to-turn shorts. Capacitance to ground measures the amount of winding contamination (water, dirt, dust, etc.). Changes in each of these affect impedance (total resistance of an AC circuit). These characteristics are measured phase to phase and phase to ground and compared to each other and to percent change from baseline to identify motor circuit defects. Motor circuit analysis (MCA) is often and easily confused with motor current analysis (MCA), which is an abbreviated version of motor current signature analysis (MCSA).
...
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The Home Reference Book & illustrations from The Illustrated Home. Carson Dunlop Associates' provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material.
The ILLUSTRATED HOME illustrates construction details and building components, a reference for owners & inspectors. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Illustrated Home purchased as a single order Enter INSPECTAILL in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment, useful for determining the age of heating boilers, furnaces, water heaters is provided by Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
Or choose the The HOME REFERENCE eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION: HOME STUDY COURSES - ASHI@Home Training 10-course program. Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on these courses: Enter INSPECTAHITP in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
The Horizon Software System manages business operations,scheduling, & inspection report writing using Carson Dunlop's knowledge base & color images. The Horizon system runs on always-available cloud-based software for office computers, laptops, tablets, iPad, Android, & other smartphones
Electrical System Inspect, Install, Repair - Home
Hey, does anyone recognize this type of receptacle ?
Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. The firm provides professional
HOME INSPECTION SERVICES and also extensive HOME INSPECTION EDUCATION and home inspection-related PUBLICATIONS. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. 
